Concept Card: Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion & Banking of Roads 1. Centripetal Acceleration & Centripetal Force ($F_c$): A particle of mass $m$ executing uniform circular motion of radius $r$ at speed $v$ (angular speed $\omega = \frac{v}{r}$) experiences a continuous inward radial acceleration: $a_c = \frac{v^2}{r} = \omega^2 r = v\omega$ By Newton’s Second … Read more
Concept Card: Angle of Friction, Angle of Repose & Rough Incline Dynamics 1. Resultant Contact Force & Angle of Friction ($\lambda$): The angle of friction ($\lambda$) is defined as the angle made by the total resultant contact force $\vec{R}$ with the normal force $\vec{N}$ at the verge of impending relative sliding (limiting equilibrium): $$\vec{R} = … Read more
Concept Card: Friction in Mechanics – Static, Kinetic & Rolling Friction 1. Physical Origin and Nature of Frictional Forces: Friction is an electromagnetic contact interaction arising from microscopic surface irregularities (asperities) and cold-welding (intermolecular bonding) at real microscopic points of contact. – Real contact area ($A_{\text{real}}$) is a minute fraction of the macroscopic apparent area … Read more